KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION OF HORSE LEARNING THEORY

Abstract

The aim was to present an overview of the application of learning theory in practical horse training. Learning theory helps humans understand the learning process, information retention, and creates better communication during work and performances with horses. In the mid-20th century, new insights into the learning processes of animals emerged, leading to the development of a modern approach to horse training. The horse's brain acquires knowledge through non-associative learning (habituation and sensitization) and associative learning (classical conditioning and operant learning). The learning process in horses is influenced by ethology, emotions, mental state, and the environment. Training is subject to the simultaneous use of multiple learning processes, which are sometimes ambiguous, and for successful training, these processes need to complement each other. More research is needed in these areas for the field of equine science to advance and improve the clarity and application of learning processes. Learning theory is an excellent tool for trainers, enabling them to work with horses in a way that facilitates and accelerates learning while maintaining well-being. Training based on learning theory aims to individualize the process, making it essential to give horses time to familiarize themselves with their environment and maintain constant interaction to improve relationships and communication. Optimal use of learning theory should be established as a fundamental principle in working with horses, making it crucial to educate all those involved in horse training. In the 21st century, horses are partners and companions to humans, and their work experience must be mutually enjoyable and beneficial.